On Constraint

Power is not what actors declare, nor what projections promise. It is what survives contact with structural limits.

On Constraint is an independent publication on the structural forces — demography, geography, industrial capacity, energy — that bound the ambitions of states.

Essays

Recent work
Political Economy

On China V - The Politics of Control

Xi Jinping and the machinery of power
China will not rebalance. The mechanism that gives Xi total control is the same mechanism that guarantees its unwinding.
Xi Jinping stands on a terrace overlooking industrial China